Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Institutional Affiliation Business and Environmental Studies

Question: Discuss about the Institutional Affiliation for Business and Environmental Studies. Answer: Introduction: The potential clients number is high in US as compared to other generation hence it affects external environment factors of social, legal economic, political and technological factors in the airline industry in the world. Airline breaks the barriers of distance and time and enhances transportation of commodities across the world thud facilitating trade. The United States of America airline which likes any other business in is impacted by a number of factors in the external environment. The models of the business is altered to meet the customers changing demands, other factors that are changed are pricing, cost and revenue structures in order to suit the clients. The US airline has got some major players who among them include: Delta Airlines (DAL), United continental (UAL), American Airlines (AAL) and the South West Airlines (LUV) also the Jet Blue Airways (JBLU). The exposure to these Airlines can be gained through the fidelity select Air transportation Portfolio. There is incorporation of the customized services to meet expansion of the industry to its increasing demands. As it pertains to legal there is intervention of the government and this may be for the purpose of protecting the passengers interest and safeguard the airline operations. The government of the United States of America has got systems of monitoring the airlines to ensure that there is quality adherence to the standards of offering and delivery of services to clients. The economy status matters a lot in the industry hence it acts as a catalyst for industrial growth enhancement. This external environmental factor is measured using various tools which among them include the gross domestic product (GDP), per capital income, disposable income, industrial level of production and the overall confidence of the consumers. The fluctuations in oil prices are among the factors that influence the airline operations and affect the prices that are charged depending of the availability and the price of oil for consumption. The millennial generation is people between the age of sixteen to thirty four and the US airline travel and tourism is defined by the growth in this millennial generation. Wellington argued that Community noise and environmental health criteria document (Felix, 1993, p.355). People who were born in 1946 and 1964 are known to be at the retiring age hence named as the retiring baby boomers thus considering this factor the spending on travel will decrease expectedly. Future travel preferences are ascertained by the demographic factors which play a very important role. The social demographic factor has seen the changing in the current situation to a better place. Tommy said development effects in airports: federation for transport and the environment is significant and detrimental (Samson, 1995, p.211). Technology in the sector has been utilized and the US Airline has made use of aircraft technology which leads to lower fuel consumption thus saving on the consumption costs. Whiteleg said high speed trains fast tracks to the future, leading edge technology improves efficiency in the airline sector thus the operations are conducted in an efficient and effective manner (Hilda, 1993, p.221). IATA (International Airline Transportation) has advocated for replacing of the aircrafts that are consuming huge amounts of fuel with the new fuel efficient ones which will enhance saving and proper allocation of resources which are scarce. The issue of terrorism affects the airline industry where the airplane oriented criminals have been reported of causing mayhem in the sector be leading to crushing of airplanes and loss of lives of many people. Kelly argued global environmental outlook 2000, united nations environment program (Barnet, 1999, p.455). The most recent case is the South Korea airplane crashing which might be termed as a technical problem as opposed to terrorism. The legal factors that affect the airline include the restrictions, tax policy, restrictions related to the international trade, outbreak of diseases and war. Disease such as Ebola which is a menace in the whole world requires government intervention for it to be contained and minimize the spreading from one country or continent to another. The recent case is that of West Africa where the outbreak has been persistent hence the government of USA instituted measures to curb and even attempted to produce a vaccination for all the travellers in the US airlines. Geoffrey said that federation for transport and the environment is major role player for efficient transportation in airline industry (Humphrey, 2004, p.344). The terrorist attack in 2001 in the USA made the government contribute in a positive manner in the Airline industry by being on the look and even releasing high technology jets to deal with the rescue mission of the victims in the scene. This external factor contributed to loss of revenue by a margin of 6% hence a global decline was noted with other financially weak carriers going into bankruptcy in the year 2001 and also another case of the year 2006. Patrick said the myths of flying friends of the earth and Amsterdam have become a reality (Debra, 1998, p. 122). The consolidation of the US airline as a result of laws and regulations preventing an anticompetitive environment has led to decrease in customer bargaining power, competition rate reduced, fares increased as the main changes that were obtained. The top players have been reduced by the process of consolidating by merging with the American West and the Delta with North West. These carriers amount market share of up to 90%. The government has helped to protect the consumers interest as well as prevent the emancipation of monopoly power of one big Airline. The neutralization of the industry has been facilitated by the fare prices that are charged by the competitors. Erickson argued that sustainable aviation is important need for a European environmental aviation (Luke, 1998, p.399). The political aspect of the US airline is seen to play a major role where the department of transportation has kept a close watch on the landscape of competition to prevent manipulation and oppressing the weaker airlines. The existence of technology has enabled building of programs such as the Anti-Trust division civil enforcement program that protects the competition and monitors the seven state attorney Generals in those divisions and Columbia. The monetary policy has favored the airline industry by the fact that it has loosened hence the confidence levels has increased and the production capacity increased. The generation Z which is born after 2000 is seen to have a greater interest for travelling than the millennial that were born in between 1980 to 1999. Thomas said Employment Impact: Proof of Evidence The other important role player in US (Derrick, 1995, p.239). Conclusion The consumers of tourism and travel industry is the generation X which is the category of people born in between 1965-1979 and they have got jobs and stable income hence their potential is high as compared to other generations. Demographic factors are not neglected as they play an important role of assisting in demand forecasting in the airline business. The travel spending and preferences are affected by the external factor of social in that the difference in the range of generations determine the revenue to be generated in the US airline corporate sector. Works cited Thomas, M. (1995) Employment Impact: Proof of Evidence LAH/2010 Public Inquiry into Terminal. London: Herman press. Erickson, L. (1998) Sustainable Aviation. The need for a European environmental aviation on charge. Paris: European press Geoffrey, R. (2004). Federation for Transport and the Environment, Brussels. Germany: Europen press. Toomey, J., Tomkins, J. (1995) Development effects at airports: Federation for Transport and the Environment, Brussels journal of a case study of Manchester Airport pp. 187-197. Kelly, H. (1999) Global Environmental Outlook 2000, united nations Environment program Earthscan, London: European press. Patrick, Y. (1998). The Myths of Flying Friends of the Earth, Amsterdam. Liverpool: England press. Whitelegg, J, Hulten,S., Flink, T. (1993). High Speed Trains. Fast tracksto the future, Leading Edge. Newzealand: Austria press. Wellington, A. (1993) Community Noise. Environmental Health Criteria Document. Wales: Hawes press.

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